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Hand Analyses 5th September, 2007
We come to bury the Jacoby 2NT, not to praise it. That 2NT showed game-going values and Spade support, an almost universal treatment, at least in the United States, if you will pardon the oxymoron. East’s 3♠ showed a singleton (but said nothing about strength). This was not good news for West, three of his points appeared to be worthless, so he signed off in 4♥. As for East, he had a little bit extra but (perhaps a little wimpishly) decided not to risk going to the 5-level. So, 4♥ was where E-W played, making 12 easy tricks (13 if South fails to find the non-obvious Spade lead).
Did E-W screw up? We don’t think so, they both had a little bit extra, but none of their bids were terrible. We’d say that they were betrayed by their methods, those standard Jacoby responses are just not effective. If your partnership would like to put in a little bit of extra work, there are superior methods available. Please see the Bidding Quiz.
4♥ is not a success, foundering on the rocks of a 5-0 trump break. Of course, North might have decided, with that quacky collection, to forget about any 4-4 Heart fit and just bid 3NT. This strategy works excellently when the enemy trumps are 5-0, less well when they are better behaved and a Club ruff in the North hand provides the extra trick for the suit contract.
There’s not a huge amount to be learned from this hand, but it does lend weight to our long-held belief that a 5-0 trump break can really cramp Declarer’s style.
Most partnerships play that 2NT opposite a Weak Two is artificial and forcing, perhaps asking for a feature, or perhaps some Ogust-style bid. Do you play that this is still on in competition? We like to play it that way, but that’s just our preference, more important is that both you and your partner are playing it the same way!
In the featured auction, North did intend 2NT as conventional and forcing (for one round) but that did not stop East from preempting to 4♠. We are always told that once we have preempted we are not supposed to take another call unless Partner asks our opinion. Well, 2NT was very much asking South’s opinion, and she should feel free to express it with a 5♦ bid, given her near maximum hand and singleton Spade.
Against 5♦, West leads high Spades and Declarer ruffs the second round. Now the simple line is to draw three rounds of trumps ending on the board, finesse the J♣, finesse the Q♥, finesse the 9♣, cash A♣, cross to the A♥, and pitch away the Heart loser on a Club winner. 12 tricks. Of course, this line fails if the finesse of the Club loses to the singleton Queen and if the K♥ is offside. But Declarer might reason that distribution to be unlikely, not so much from the bidding but from the fact that West did not shift to a Heart at Trick Two.
How does 4♠ (no doubt doubled) do? Down just one trick, and a good board for E-W.
We really don’t think that it should be a capital offense to open the East hand with 1NT, given that square 18-count, but the generally preferred approach will no doubt to open 1♣, planning a 2NT rebid.
Against 3NT, South will probably lead a Spade, won on the board. The J♣ is unblocked, and a Heart led to the Ten, Jack and Ace. So far, so good for Declarer, he’s now up to 8 tricks, and 9 when Spades are 3-3.
North’s 2♣ was Drury, a passed hand convention showing invitational Spade support. Yes, North is a bit light on HCP’s, but that shape is good enough compensation.
However, it turns out that the hands fit together very poorly (look at all that Club wastage!). There are 4 top losers for Declarer but it’s possible that one of the Diamond losers will go away on a Club. It all depends on the opening lead: - If West leads a trump, East will win the Ace, and it should be pretty clear to shift to a Diamond looking at Dummy and the K♦ in his own hand. - If West leads a Club, it’s all over for the defense. - We cannot see any reason for West to start with a red Ace, but that will work fine for the defense.
East passes his ugly 12-count, and eventually N-S come to rest in their 4-4 Spade partial. Declarer loses two trump tricks and one in each side-suit, making 8 tricks for +110.
Of course, some (perhaps most) Easts are psychologically incapable of passing any 12-count, even one as bad as this (square, no Tens, 5 points in quacks). If East does open 1♣, West responds 1NT which East gladly passes, and now one of three things might happen: - South tamely passes, allowing E-W to get a good board with their -100. - South balances with a Double, North guesses to pass, and this time its -200 for E-W. - South balances with a Double, and N-S play it in 2♠ making 8 tricks and -110 for E-W
Let’s say that the opening lead is a Heart, and that Declarer draws trumps and takes the Spade finesse. That loses and a Spade comes back, and now Declarer must choose between two lines of play: - Pitch a Club on the long Spade, and take the Diamond finesse, making 11 tricks if that works, and 10 otherwise. - Pitch a Diamond on the long Spade, and play on Clubs in search of the 11th trick.
The Diamond finesse provides the better odds, of course, but the double Club finesse also works, so either way it’s 11 tricks.
The featured N-S pair were playing that, opposite an overcall, a new suit was non-forcing (but constructive), so South was obliged to jump the bidding in order to establish a force.
Against 4♠, West plays two rounds of Clubs, and gives Partner a ruff (or overruff). Which red suit should East return? A Diamond looks safer that a Heart, and, anyway, when West leads his third Club, it will be the lowest one he has, a clear suit preference for signal for the lower-ranking Diamond suit. But Declarer ruffs this and draws trumps, ultimately needing to guess the Hearts to make her contract.
Do you have any ideas for guessing those Hearts correctly? West does not need the Q♥ to justify her bidding, so that card could be in either hand. One way for Declarer to improve her chances is to rattle off all her trumps before the fateful guess. Declarer can be sure (from the bidding and the play) that the A♦ is with West, so here are the possible cases with 3 cards left (after the play of the last trump): - If nobody has pitched a Heart, then West started with two and East with three, so perhaps the odds favor the Q♥ being with East’s length. - If West has pitched a Heart, then perhaps that pitch was out of necessity, and Declarer can play for the drop in the expectation that the remaining Hearts are 2-2 - If East has pitched a Heart, then he probably started with 4 of them, and the indicated play is to cross to the King and finesse against East’s Queen. As it happens, nobody pitches a Heart (the first case), and Declarer presumably finesses against East, successfully. Running off all the trumps before guessing the Hearts certainly gives Declarer the best chance of making her contract but the downside is that it risks going down two if Declarer ends up finessing into the West hand.
Left to their own devices, E-W will wind up in 1NT, making 7 or 8 tricks depending upon Declarer’s Greed Quotient. North leads the 8♣ and, one way or the other the K♣ scores a trick. Now Declarer can choose between a certain 7 tricks, or he can try for 8 (maybe even 9) by taking the Diamond finesse. Of course, if the Diamond finesse loses the defense will have 8 tricks of their own, so the sensible course is surely to take the plus score.
Next question: Do you think that N-S were rather pusillanimous in selling out to 1NT? And if so, which player was the culprit? Please see the Bidding Quiz.
Another uneventful auction, one in which South was most wise not to take a second call. Sure, she has something extra with her 10 HCP’s, but it’s a truly crummy 10 and game is unlikely. Playing in Spades, North has a routine 9 tricks when the trumps behave.
Would you balance with the West hand, when 2♠ is passed around to you? Here are some thoughts on the matter: - The vulnerability should be a serious deterrent here, we like to balance but think it’s a bit much here … but, hey, it might work! - If you had a gun pointed at your head and were forced to balance, what would be your choice? We’d suggest 2NT, not necessarily for the minors, a more useful interpretation is “two places to play”. - Now put yourself in the South seat. You passed 2♠, lefty balanced with 2NT, then 3♣ on your right. We would double now. We wish we had less of our high cards in Partner’s suit, and sometimes this kind of Matchpoint Double leads to an ignominious -670. But we can’t let the opponents push us around! And, more often than not, we’ll score +200.
After this simple auction, it’s a routine 9 or 10 tricks for Declarer, depending upon North’s opening lead. On this one we consulted our old friend Dr Goodlead, fresh from his 3 for 3 triumph last week. “Not a minor suit after that Staymanless auction. I suppose I’ll lead my better major, but which card? A low one might block the suit, the unblocking King lead might be misleading or costly. I’m in two minds here, but definitely a Heart”. The Doctor extends his winning streak to 4! If North leads a low Heart, South must insert the Ten, that way the defense scores 4 tricks (a Club and three Hearts). If South makes the mistake of rising with the A♥ at Trick One, she’ll never score the 13th Heart.
Would you open the West hand 1NT? We have no problem with the practice of opening 1NT with a 5-card major, but this hand does have so much of its strength in that major, and, furthermore, the West hand does not need to be protected from the opening lead. For example, if East has ♦ Ax, or ♣ ATx, or the actual ♥ Qxx, the hand would be better played from that side. So West opening 1NT here is far from ideal, then again nor is the alternative of finding a good rebid after the auction starts 1♠ 1NT. Pick your own poison on this one.
If West is Declarer, North will lead a Heart, low from Dummy, the Ten from South, won by Declarer’s Ace. Now, if Declarer loses the Club finesse, a Diamond comes back, then another Heart. Declarer can minimize his losses by playing low and blocking the suit, but that is still down one. But, just as the 1NT-3NT auction wrong-sided the contract on this occasion, it was also most uninformative. After winning the T♥ on the first trick, South, looking at two small Spades in Dummy, will probably shift to that suit. But she’ll get a second chance for the Diamond shift after Declarer takes the ill-fated Club finesse, and again Declarer goes down.
Not surprisingly, E-W do better if East is Declarer. Well, maybe: - If South decides to lead the stronger Heart suit, it’s curtains for the defense. Declarer wins the Queen, for her 9th trick, and can score a 10th in the Club suit. - If South leads the longer Diamond suit, hopefully it will be the Seven, a “second best from four small” lead which, by partnership agreement, warns Partner to expect no strength in the led suit. If so, North should find the Heart shift easily enough, and that will be down one.
South’s 2♦ showed a good hand, but was not game-forcing. What are your partnership agreements for staying short of game in this situation? Please see the Bidding Quiz.
The featured auction was not a great triumph for E-W, they ended up competing in their 4-3 major when they had a 5-4 major available. It was Professor Oddbid who forced us to type 1♠ in the East column, he’s quite the fanatic when it comes to overcalling good 4-card suits for the purpose of lead-direction. It’s not a bad strategy, at least most of the time, but here it results in E-W selling out to 3♦ (making 3) when they had a 9-card Heart fit (also making three). If East were to make the non-professorial Double of 1♣, then we can be sure that West would compete up to 3♥. Of course, all of you Total Trick aficionados are no doubt rubbing your hands with glee, you’ve known for a while that 4-card overcalls are the work of the devil.
We’d say that the N-S auction was far from convincing, but it’s a difficult deal. Let’s look at the last four bids: - North’s 2♠: This was the so-called “Fourth Suit Forcing” (4SF), an artificial bid saying nothing about Spades. The simplest and most goof-proof treatment is that 4SF is forcing to game. Here, North uses 4SF because she’s not sure where the hand is headed, her holding in the 4th suit is hardly robust, not to the extent that she wants to insist on 3NT. So, she temporizes with the 4th suit. - South’s 3♣: South makes the most descriptive bid, confirming a 5th Club. As the auction is forcing there is no need to make a jump bid, even though South does have a very nice hand. - North’s 3NT: Now things start to get uncomfortable for N-S. It would be nice if 3♠ here showed Club support (a good treatment, in our view!), but in the absence of that agreement, North bids 3NT, no doubt reluctantly. - South’s Pass: Just as uncomfortable as North’s 3NT! North just needs some well-placed cards to make a minor suit slam, but no good way of investigating further.
It turns out that 6♣ needs the Club finesse and ends up down one. As for 3NT, that contract would be better played from the South side, at least on the actual lie of the cards. A Spade lead from West allows 10 tricks to be made, but from East only 9. It’s somewhat random, though, put the A♠ with East and you’d rather play this from the North side.
We’d say that West is fairly close to opening that hand, it’s only 19 on the Rule of Twenty scale, but there are those lovely Diamond fillers, and the Spade singleton must count for something. Anyway, West passes, and must then decide what to do after Partner’s 2NT rebid. We like the actual choice of 3♦, a forcing and descriptive bid, for more on which please see the Bidding Quiz.
Against 3NT, the defense has 3 cashing tricks and even if they fail to cash them early, Declarer can come to no more than 10 tricks, so this one should be 430 at almost every table.
Preempting at unfavorable vulnerability is highly hazardous, as E-W discovered in the featured auction. Here, East even had an extra trump, good fillers, and an outside Ace for his preempt, but that was not enough to save him from a bottom board. Nice pass by North, but not one she would make at any other vulnerability. She knew that the Double was no sure thing and that it might well net -670 once in a while. But she figured she had two ways to win here: - N-S might be unable to make more than a part-score of their own, and might be able to improve on that with +200 for beating 2♥ doubled by one trick - N-S might make game, but beating 2♥ doubled by two tricks for +500 would score better.
How does 2♥ fare? It’s down two or three, depending upon how Declarer guesses to play the trumps, but, either way, N-S will beat all those other N-S pairs playing in game.
Yes, it’s true that N-S can make slam in 6♣ or 6♦ (or even 6NT if played by South), but they are poor slams indeed. At the very least they require to find the J♦ and 3-2 in Diamonds. Playing in Clubs is especially bad because, if the defense leads a Heart initially, Declarer needs to find the A♦ doubleton because of the entry situation (with three to the Ace the defender will duck twice).
If N-S are playing Bergen Raises, they should have no trouble getting to 4♠. South will respond 3♣ (or 3♦, depending on their agreement) showing a 4-card constructive raise and North will bid game directly. Our featured pair was using simpler methods, so South raised to 2♠ and accepted North’s natural game try.
It’s not a particularly good game. Declarer can count on 5 Spade winners in her hand plus the A♦. That’s only 6 tricks and to drag herself up to 10 she’ll need to score two Club tricks and two ruffs on the board. That will certainly be achievable if West has the A♣ (most likely), and if trumps are 2-2 (not so likely). Can Declarer prevail if the trumps are 3-1, and East’s opening lead is a trump? Please see the Play Problem.
North certainly had choices over West’s 1♠, and opted for the simple support-showing cue-bid instead of 2♣ or a Splinter of 4♦. For more on this, please see the Bidding Quiz.
Making 11 tricks, losing just the black Aces.
What do you think of that 2♠ bid by East? We rather like it, it hardly seems right to pass with that East hand, even though Total Trick purists will no doubt roll their eyes. Alas, 2♠ is not a great success on this hand, it will only provoke West into competing to the 3-level, going down one instead of getting the enemy 3♥ down one. Hey, sometimes this Total Trick stuff works rather well, perhaps East should stop breaking The Law!
South had an interesting 4th seat decision on this board. With a moderate hand and only two Spades she might well have passed out the board.
Against 2♠, South leads a Heart, won by North’s Ten. Then K♦, Q♦, and out a Heart to Dummy’s Ace. A Spade is lost to the Ace, the defense cashes a Heart, and now Declarer can ruff the third round of Diamonds high and draw trumps. All that remains for Declarer to make his contract is to guess the Clubs and that should be easy enough. South has shown up with A♠, Q♥, and A♦, surely the Q♣ is with her in order to make up her opening bid.
Actually, N-S do well in Diamonds making 9 tricks thanks to the successful finesse against the J♥.
In this already game-forcing auction, 2♥ was natural. Whatever North leads, there will be 11 tricks in No Trump, provided that Declarer plays Clubs correctly. And he should, of course, the percentage play with that holding is to cash the A♣ and finesse against South for the Queen. This caters for a singleton Queen with North, and Qxxx with South. As usual, the age-old advice of finessing towards the long hand provides us with the percentage play, and, on this occasion, also the winning play.
Deep Finesse tells us that 6♣ can be made from either side against any lead, but we haven’t figured out how yet. In practice, 6♣ will no doubt be going down.
West’s Double was a Support Double, that useful convention which allows Opener to show 3-card support for Partner after RHO has intervened.
2♥ is a nice, comfy contract, but it deteriorates when trumps are 4-1. Even so, 9 tricks can be made on this careful line of play: Q♠ opening lead, won by Dummy’s King Heart to the Ace Finesse of the Club Ten Heart won by North’s Jack Spade won by Declarer’s Ace Finesse of the Club Queen Cash A♣, pitching a Spade Heart won by North’s King Heart won by Declarer’s Nine Declarer has 7 tricks at this stage, with a trump and a Diamond still to come.
No, with that West hand, we wouldn’t accept the game try either, which is unfortunate because 3NT happens to make 9 tricks. In fact, if North makes the optimistic but dangerous (at least at matchpoints) opening lead of a Club, it will be 10 tricks with the aid of a couple of Spade finesses.
In a 2/1 system, the Forcing No Trump becomes only “semi-forcing” by a passed hand, so East has an easy Pass, keeping things mercifully low.
North has an obvious Club lead, but which one? Against a suit contract, we’d never dream of leading low from QJxxx, but against No Trump, without any intermediates in the suit, it is the correct lead. So, North leads her 4th best Club, and Declarer is faced with a choice. No doubt he will guess wrong, reasoning that North is more likely to have led from AJ or AQ (two possibilities) than from QJ (one possibility). So, he will hop up with Dummy’s King and the defense will rattle off 5 Club tricks for starters. After this start it’s possible for Declarer to scrape up 7 tricks by playing on Diamonds, but he may well look to the Spade suit instead, and that will be down one.
East leads a Heart, at which point Declarer has exactly two Heart tricks, whichever card she plays from Dummy. No doubt she’ll jump up with Dummy’s Queen, hoping for an entry to the board for the Diamond finesse, but that hope is dashed when West plays the King, won by Declarer’s Ace. Now, a Diamond to Dummy’s Ace, and a losing Diamond finesse. East cashes the J♥, and exits a Heart, holding Declarer to 9 tricks.
Double Dummy Note Warning! If you don’t like obscure squeezes, please proceed immediately to the next board. According to Deep Finesse, it’s possible to make 10 tricks in No Trump. And so it is, it’s strictly double dummy, but very pretty nonetheless: Heart opening lead, low from the board, King, Ace Low Spade (!) to East’s Ace Heart to Dummy’s Queen Spade finesse Now, at this early juncture, Declarer is poised to cash the K♠ and squeeze East in three suits: Declarer ♠ K ♥ T ♦ KJ9 ♣ KQ94 West East ♠ Q86 ♠ ♥ ♥ J87 ♦ 43 ♦ QT5 ♣ T876 ♣ J32 Dummy ♠ T9 ♥ ♦ A8762 ♣ A5 Here are East’s unpleasant choices: - Pitch a Heart, in which case Declarer cashes 3 Clubs, throws in East with a Heart … East scores both his remaining Hearts but must now give up the 10th trick in Diamonds - Pitch a Diamond, but that is hopeless, of course, that’s 12 tricks - Pitch a Club, which allows Declarer to cash two Diamonds, then K♣ and A♣ … now it is West who gets thrown in (with a Spade) … West can cash two Spades but is now end-played in Clubs. Does it help if West withholds the K♥ on the first trick? No, because now Declarer can duck the second Heart, giving her the timing to set up tricks in both Spades and Diamonds.
East will presumably lead a Spade, more in hope than expectation, and Declarer has 9 easy tricks. The simple way to try for a 10th is to lose a Club at Trick Two, hoping that the suit is 3-3, about a 35% chance. More exotic (and less likely to succeed) is to lead a low Diamond towards Dummy’s J9x, planning to play the Nine if East plays low. It’s the so-called “intra finesse” which has the following ways to succeed: - East may have the doubleton Ten, in which case the Nine forces the Queen, and on the second round the lead of the Jack from the board squashes East’s Ten and sets up Declarer’s Eight. - East may have the KT or QT doubleton, which is good news for Declarer if she can guess the situation. - East may have the singleton Ten, more good news if Declarer guesses right.
The rule for East in this situation is to play the Ten whenever he holds Tx or KT or QT, thereby giving Declarer the maximum amount of guesswork. On the actual hand, when East plays the Ten on the first round of Diamonds, if Declarer knows East to be a resourceful fellow, he won’t know whether that Ten is from T, Tx, QT or KT and may well guess wrong.
North’s 2♣ was “New Minor Forcing”, her plan being to unearth a 5-3 Spade fit or a 4-4 Heart fit. South had nothing in the majors and her 2♦ merely showed a decent 5-card Diamond suit without 4 Hearts and without 3 Spades. North tried 3NT, no doubt feeling highly nervous about the Club situation. But, as luck would have it, the missing Clubs are 4-4, so it’s 9 tricks for Declarer.
North had choices for her opening bid, please see the Bidding Quiz.
Playing in a Spade contract, how would you handle that trump holding? If trumps are 3-2 then there will be 2 trump losers regardless, Declarer just leads honors from her hand. How about the 4-1 breaks? If one defender has AQ9x, then there is no escaping 3 trump losers. But, if trumps are 4-1, with the singleton Queen or Nine in one hand or the other, then the lead of the King is the way to go, holding the trump losers to just two tricks.
But, the suit is 3-2 and the Spade play turns out to be academic, and it’s 10 tricks for Declarer.
What a fascinating hand, both in the bidding and the play! For the bidding, please see the Bidding Quiz.
How about the play in 6♣? Let’s say that North starts with a trump (good lead!). Dummy wins the trick with the Ace and Declarer can count 10 tricks if the trumps break. The extra tricks can come from Spade ruffs, and if Spades are 3-3 then 13 tricks will be made. The play unfolds as follows: Club opening lead won by Dummy’s Ace Spade to the Ace Spade ruff A♥ and K♥ are cashed Heart ruff Another Spade is led but North ruffs in front of Dummy. North does best to get out with her last trump, leaving this position: North ♠ ♥ T7 ♦ T65 ♣ Declarer Dummy ♠ Q ♠ ♥ ♥ 98 ♦ K9 ♦ AJ7 ♣ Q6 ♣ South ♠ K ♥ ♦ Q843 ♣ Now Declarer cashes his last two Clubs, and although, in reality, only one player (South) is squeezed, the end position plays like a double squeeze. South must hang on to his K♠ and must come down to two Diamonds, and North must hang on to the T♥ and must also come down to just two Diamonds. So, it really doesn’t matter who has the Q♦ because after Trick Ten it will be doubleton.
Some comments on the bidding: - South reasonably chose to bid her magnificent Spades rather than show both majors with a Michaels bid. - Some might consider West’s Negative Double to be rock-bottom minimum. And, that’s the charitable view, the rest will say that it is sub-minimum. - North’s 2♣ showed invitational values with Spade support. - East might have jumped to 4♣ over 2♣, which we suppose to be non-forcing. - South’s 4♠ seems eminently reasonable, with the well-placed K♣ and the 5-5 distribution.
Against 4♠ West will lead a Club, and the defense will end up with a Club, Club ruff, A♦, and a Heart, for down one. East did well not to bid 5♣ with that 8-card suit, that will be a painful down three, no doubt doubled.
North’s 2♣ was an inverted raise, showing invitational values (or better), Club support, and no 4-card major. South’s 2NT showed a balanced hand (12-14) and many partnerships require that it shows a stopper in both majors, with only one major stopped they would bid that major.
The resulting contract is somewhat dicey, all the more so because North’s Diamond holding is not protected from the opening lead. Against 3NT, West leads the Q♥ won in Dummy. Now the AK♣ and Declarer gets the bad news, after which 7 tricks is the maximum she can manage.
Another unsuccessful No Trump contract for N-S! Against 1NT West leads the Spade Ten to East’s Queen, then the K♥ shift. The defense cashes its Hearts and black Aces and that is down one.
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