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Hand Analyses 1st November, 2006
The N-S auction runs out of steam in 2NT and East has to find an opening lead. It would be somewhat bizarre to lead anything but a Spade here, the question is “Which one?” The sequence is not quite strong enough to start leading from the top, so the 6♠ seems like the obvious lead, albeit a risky one. However, all’s well when West produces the J♠. Now, whether North ducks or wins the first trick, she can come to no more than 7 tricks.
However, if East tries the “safer” opening lead of the K♠, the Spades can no longer be cleared for one loser, and 8 tricks are made. So much for safety!
Let’s look at South’s options over 1NT. It’s somewhat dangerous to come in vulnerable over a strong No Trump, which is why the inventors of conventions such as DONT and Cappelletti came up with methods that allow two-suiters to be shown, thereby providing some extra safety. Playing DONT we have a choice here: - Either, Double to show a Club one-suiter; - Or, bid 2♣ showing Clubs and another suit. We’d go the latter route, showing a two-suiter, even though there is a two-card disparity in the length of the suits.
This is not a good hand for Cappelletti, though. We can show a Heart-Club two-suiter alright, by bidding 2♥, but that forces us to the 3-level if we are to play in Clubs. Or, we can show a Club one-suiter by bidding 2♣, which is any one-suiter. But Partner is obliged to relay to 2♦ and again Clubs have to be played at the 3-level. So, playing Cappelletti we’d be far less inclined to enter the fray here.
Let’s assume that the 2♣ bid in the featured auction is DONT. What are West’s options? Please see the Bidding Quiz for more on this, for the time being we’ll just say that West’s double of 2♣ was Stayman.
Against 2NT South will lead a Club, won by Dummy’s Jack. Declarer will not know what is South’s second suit, he’ll suspect Spades. So, he’ll play on Hearts, running the 9 to South’s Jack. Now, South does best to exit a Diamond, which is the only way to avoid handing Declarer his 8th trick. Declarer wins the Q♦ in his hand, and now his best guess is to exit a low Heart, hoping that someone started with Ax. However, when South wins the Queen, and North shows out, the truth begins to dawn. South exits another Diamond and Declarer is obliged to take cash Dummy’s Diamond winners. Declarer pitches 3 Hearts, South pitches 3 Clubs, and now a Spade is led from the board. There turns out to be no wrong guess in the suit, and 8 tricks stagger home.
West’s Double showed some extra values, and so did North’s Redouble. We’d say that West is full value for those extras, but North was definitely scraping the bottom of the barrel with that Redouble. However, it did embolden a non-vulnerable South to compete to the 3-level with no more than two (useful-looking) Queens.
Playing in 3♥, South makes no fewer than 10 tricks. The defense attacks with Spades, Declarer gets a Spade ruff and a Diamond ruff in her hand, picks up the friendly trump suit, and establishes two Club tricks. But, by the time that the Clubs are played, Dummy will have the last trump and the lead will be in Dummy. We would not take an immediate Club finesse, if it loses we are down in a cold contract … better to play the King from Dummy, making sure of 9 tricks. On the second round of the suit the Jack obligingly pops up and that is 10 tricks.
South (correctly in our view) preferred Double to bidding 3♠, but, with such a poor Heart holding, must have been a bit nervous when her Partner bid 4♥. However, 4♥ makes with just 3 losers, all in the trump suit.
East might have been a bit more macho with a 4♦ preempt, but that would also be followed by a Double and a 4♥ bid, and the same result.
A sad auction for N-S! They can make 4♥ but wind up defending 3♠. Perhaps South could have made a game try over 2♠ with her extras … by bidding 3♥ she was merely competing, if she had wanted to suggest game she might have tried 3♣ or 3♦. But we don’t really fault her actual choice, it was just unfortunate that Partner had such a perfect hand.
Just as South had two ways of bidding to the 3-level (competing with 3♥, or trying for game with 3♣ or 3♦), so did West. Or at least, so did West if his side is playing Maximal Support Doubles. We’ve added an article on this to the System Library, and here we’ll just say that, with this useful little gadget, West’s 3♠ was purely competitive, and that with a hand that wants to try for game he would double 3♥.
Against 3♠, South leads the A♥, and now 3 rounds of Diamonds will promote a trump trick for the defense and beat the contract by one. But that may not be obvious, she may just continue passively with Hearts, forcing Dummy to ruff. Now, Declarer cannot afford to draw trumps right away, first he must establish the Clubs while Dummy still has a trump to look after the Heart attack. So, A♣ and a Club to South’s King. By now, it should be obvious to play on Diamonds and try for a trump promotion, and the same down one results.
Against a Heart contract, Declarer’s 10th trick will usually come from a Spade ruff on the board. If West strangely starts with a singleton trump lead, he will pay for his eccentricity when Declarer sets up the Diamonds, draws trumps ending on the board, and eventually makes 12 tricks.
East’s Double showed a good passed hand and the unbid suits, but that was not enough to stir West’s vulnerable and square 7-count into action. And just as well, 2♥ will not escape unscathed (down two, probably doubled). But if E-W defend 1NT they’ll hold it to 7 tricks and suffer a far less painful score of -90.
Walsh Note: Walsh-style players will not respond 1♦, of course, they’ll bypass that suit and get their major into the auction. Even so, we predict the same end-result.
North does not have a perfect text-book preempt, but in third seat with those nice trump fillers we don’t see much wrong with it. Well, there is one thing definitely wrong with it, it goes for -800! West converts the double and North can manage no more than 5 trump tricks and the A♦. Very unlucky, South’s KQ♣ were quite useless and would have saved the day if they had been in a red suit. Oh well, preempting doesn’t always work!
Presumably E-W were playing that 3♠ opposite a 1♣ opening was a Splinter, otherwise a preemptive 3♠ would have been an obvious response by East. And, if it so happened that E-W were playing Strong Jump Shifts as well, then East should respond 1♠ … 7-card Spade suits must be bid! Well, except on the previous board, of course.
4♠ is an easy make with zero opportunity for overtricks.
South’s 2♠ bid showed Diamond support, and would usually deny a 4-card Heart suit as well. West’s 3♠ might seem on the light side, especially being vulnerable, but he does have shortness in the opponents’ suit, we think the bid is just fine. It wouldn’t be quite so fine if the opponents had stopped off to double 3♠, but quite reasonably South charged into 5♦.
However, against 5♦, a Spade lead puts the contract in peril. The danger, of course, is that Declarer will lose a Spade and two Clubs. It would be most unlikely to be able to play that Club combination for just one loser (less than 10%, in fact), so the best shot for 11 tricks is to finesse the Heart, hoping for a Spade pitch on the A♥. This works, assuring 11 tricks. And then the miraculous Club situation allows her to make a whopping 12 tricks!
After West’s 1♥ opening, North had quite a difficult bidding problem. That 1NT overcall was hardly ideal, but the alternatives were not perfect either. Please see the Bidding Quiz for more on this.
Anyway, E-W will probably play in a Spade part-score, and South will lead a Club. Declarer will note that there are 3 inescapable losers in the red suits and will try to figure out if there is a way to make the remaining 10 tricks. The most promising line of play seems to be as follows: Ruff the Club lead Lead a Diamond, won by North’s King Ruff the Club continuation Lead a Diamond, won by North’s Ace Ruff the Club continuation Cash the A♠ Lead a Diamond to Declarer’s Queen, mercifully unruffed Ruff a Club A♥ and out a Heart Ruff the return and draw trumps. Declarer ends up scoring 5 Spades in her hand, 3 ruffs on the board and 2 red suit tricks. Can the defense do better if North shifts to a trump after winning the first Diamond? No, Dummy wins the trump shift, another Diamond is led and a trump returned, and Declarer ends up with one less Club ruff, but that is compensated by an extra Diamond trick.
Do you think that 6NT bid somewhat crude? Well, you would certainly be right, because it is! We rather like it, though … it won’t always work, but there’s plenty of upside potential … please see the Bidding Quiz for more on this.
On to the play. It’s an interesting hand for squeeze enthusiasts. 12 tricks are there when the Spades break, the question is whether 13 tricks can be made. Please see Play Problem # 87.
If N-S buy this one in 3♦ they’ll make 9 tricks in comfort. If E-W compete to 3♠ (as they surely should), they will be down one, it’s hard to imagine the defense not getting its red suit tricks before Declarer gets the Clubs going.
If you are wondering whether the featured auction is entirely credible then you will be delighted to know that we have devoted some space in the Bidding Quiz to the actions of both East and West.
Against 3♠, North will no doubt lead the A♥ and a small Heart. On the third round of Hearts Declarer pitches a Diamond, now a Diamond to the King, and a 4th round of Hearts. Declarer ruffs high, draws trump in two rounds, and is able to score up 9 tricks … two Clubs, a Heart and a total of 6 trump tricks.
West makes the light 3rd seat opening that has become de rigeur in the modern game, and which has given rise to the Drury convention. Yes, 2♣ was purely conventional, a bid made by a passed hand opposite a third (or fourth) seat opening. It shows Heart support, and some values, and asks the question “Is your third seat opening for real? Or have you opened light yet again?” Not everybody plays this convention in competition, but we see no reason not to. Of course, East had another option available … with four probable tricks in their trump suit he could pass, waiting for a reopening Double and a juicy penalty. There are quite a few reasons why we advise against this strategy, please see the Bidding Quiz.
Anyway, East asks “Is that third seat opener for real?”, West’s 2♥ says “Not exactly!”, and 2♥ is the final resting place. North leads the Q♠ won in the Dummy, and the percentage play in Hearts is to finesse the 8, protecting against the actual holding. Of course, South will score her Heart trick anyway via a Spade ruff, but that will only simplify the handling of the rest of the hand and 8 tricks will materialize.
Well, if you really have to open a crummy hand in 3rd seat it might as well be in your best suit, and that’s what North chose. After that, it was a quick trip to 3NT for E-W and the dutiful Spade lead from South. Declarer will win the A♠, cross to the K♦, and finesse the Heart Ten. When this wins, he cashes the A♥ (catering for Queen doubleton) and then exits a Spade, setting up trick number 11 (assuming a 3-2 Diamond break). If you timed this hand correctly and made 11 tricks you got a very good board.
A routine auction to the normal spot. West leads the Club Four, and the spots tell us that, as this is his lowest Club, he is probably leading from a 4-card suit … a 3-card suit is possible, but surely not a 5-card suit unless West is renowned for his trickery. It seems reasonable to win the first Club and knock out the A♦. A Club comes back. Should Declarer duck this? No, there are two reasons not to: (a) We have to finesse the Spade into the East hand, and that is the hand which might have 5 Clubs; (b) If we duck a Club they might shift to Hearts … then, after a losing Spade finesse, a Heart back will put us to an awkward guess.
So, Declarer wins the second Club immediately, rattles off her Diamonds, loses the Spade finesse, and has 9 tricks. But not so fast! After the Spade finesse loses and they cash their two Club winners, a Heart shift will knock out Declarer’s entry before the Spade suit is unblocked. No, if Diamonds are to be rattled we must take care to rattle only four of them, winning the 4th in our hand, and also keeping the high Diamond in our hand as a later entry. Now, when the Spade finesse fails, we can handle the Spade blockage.
South doesn’t know whether 4♥ is going to make, in fact in seems unlikely, but she bids it anyway … it could be a good save against 3♠, and, if they can make game then 4♥ might steal the pot. When 4♥ gets back to East, he has a difficult choice between Pass and Double, either could be right.
Suppose that North ends up buying it in 4♥. East leads two top Clubs, and now must shift to a Diamond. Declarer runs the Q♥ unblocking the Eight, draws trump in 3 rounds, and must end up losing two Spades for down one. Why the unblock in Hearts? Well, if Hearts are 2-1, and Diamonds are 3-3, Declarer must preserve the 6♥ in his hand as his means of reaching Dummy’s good Diamonds. Alas, this good technique is wasted because that plan is scuppered by both red suit breaks.
Next, suppose that East doubles 4♥ and West ends up as Declarer in 4♠. The play is hard to predict, and there are all sorts of double dummy lines where 10 tricks are made by Declarer. But we suspect that, in real life, most West’s will be down one. For example, suppose that North finds the unfortunate A♥ lead, ruffed on the board. Now, the route to 10 tricks requires that the J♠ is played from Dummy … North wins the King, shifts to a Diamond, and Declarer ruffs the third round high, then finesses Dummy’s Spade Nine to pick up the remaining trumps … quite a view to take considering the bidding.
It’s hard to see N-S coming away from this board with a plus-score, after South’s vulnerable 2♦ bid North is surely going to at least the 3-level, and many will no doubt blast into game. The defense against a Spade contract will pick up 5 easy tricks without breathing too hard.
A simple enough 2/1 auction to 4♥. Opener’s rebid of 2♠ did not show extras. Against 4♥, we would expect North to lead a Diamond and 10 easy tricks will result.
South might have come in directly with a 2♦ bid, but discretion was the better part of valor. However, she could hardly not bid 2♦ when in the balancing seat. Against 2♠, North will cash a couple of Diamonds, but will have no good follow-up. Whatever North does, 9 tricks will materialize.
This is a good deal for the fast-in-fast-out brigade. Members of this school of thought place a premium on getting into the auction early and will overcall 2♦ directly, and that will allow North to raise to 3♦. On the featured auction, where South merely balanced with 2♦, that raise to 3♦ was far from obvious. How does South do in 3♦? E-W will need a fast Club ruff to beat this contract … K♥ and a Heart to the Ace, followed by two Clubs and a ruff, is the only way the defense will get the job done. Even so, -100 (it surely won’t be doubled) beats -140.
In the pass-out seat, West had no reason to compete in Clubs with that shapeless hand, but he might have doubled. For more on this, please see the Bidding Quiz.
Against 1NT, East leads the Q♠ (overtaken by the King, of course), and after 4 rounds of Spades East must find a shift. West will have pitched a low Club and Declarer two Diamonds. In view of the pitches a Diamond looks best and this is indeed necessary, otherwise Declarer will set up two Club tricks (and 7 altogether) before the defense can establish the setting trick in Diamonds.
Was this good defense? Not really, West missed the opportunity for a fine play. After overtaking the Q♠ on Trick One he can beat the contract by another trick by shifting to the Q♦. This can hardly be wrong … West can see 6 defensive black tricks and Diamonds are the obvious source of a 7th. See what happens … Declarer wins the Diamond shift, loses a Club, wins the Diamond, loses a Club, now West cashes the A♠ and the 9♦, and leads a low Spade to Partner who has two Spades and that lovely 8♦ to cash. Down two!
This is probably the strangest auction of the day! South’s auction may look somewhat nutty, but there was a method to her madness, please see the Bidding Quiz.
One of the old-time bridge writers, Charles Goren perhaps, once said that “If you never double the opponents into game, then you are not doubling enough!” He might equally well have made the same comment about balancing the opponents into game. No, we would not fault that 3♣ balance by East, far from it, to pass would have been quite feeble. Sometimes good bids get punished.
System Note: Put yourself in the West seat. You are playing Support Doubles. After South’s 2♥ bid are you obligated to double with 3-card Spade support, however awful your hand might be? We’d say “No”. A good rule of thumb, perhaps, is that if you would have raised to 2♠ in the absence of interference then a Support Double is required. But here, if South had not chirped in with 2♥ we would have passed 1♠, so we would say that West should feel at liberty not to make the Support Double.
The bidding may be simple enough, but the play in 4♠ is quite complicated. Suppose that South leads a Diamond, and North correctly withholds her Queen, allowing Declarer’s Jack to win. At this point in the proceedings, there are imponderables in all 4 suits, but the fog starts to lift when Declarer starts on the trump suit. North plays the A♠ and the Jack appears from North. Is she playing a tricky game? No, she pitches a Diamond when we lead a Spade to Dummy’s King. With South having the long Spades, it’s beginning to look as if she might be short in Diamonds, though that is far from a sure thing. If we trust this conclusion, then we play one more round of trumps (Dummy’s Ten must win the trick for entry purposes later), followed by a Diamond finesse with fingers crossed. If it loses, it’s down one, but, when South proves to have led her singleton, 11 tricks are possible. South does best not to ruff, so now Declarer cashes the A♦, crosses to the A♣, cashes the K♦ (pitching a Heart), and leads a Heart from Dummy. North rises with the Ace and continues Hearts. This leads to 11 tricks … South can ruff in whenever she likes but the A♥ and that ruff will be the only defensive tricks.
Perhaps this line of play is somewhat double dummy but it’s hard to come up with an alternative line which is safer for 10 tricks but which gives up on 11. A complicated hand!
We are not particularly in favor of opening a Weak Two with a 5-card suit, but sometimes it just seems right! In this set we’ve had a few of those Spade suits which “just had to be bid!” and here’s another one. And, if you really have to bid it (we would feel utterly compelled ourselves to do so), then what else but 2♠? In the featured auction, we won’t elaborate on the subsequent auction, there are so many methods out there (please see Link), except to say that South should not charge into game unilaterally, and that North should not be overly encouraging … it’s all very well to open 2♠ based on suit quality, but the missing 6th trump is a liability that needs to be factored into the later auction.
In 3♠, a straightforward line of play would be to win the Heart lead, draw three rounds of trumps getting the bad news, then cash the AK♦ and get some more bad news, ending up with a mere 7 tricks and -200.
Clearly this hand requires more than the merely straightforward! Please see Play Problem # 88.
South’s preemptive 2♠ may look a bit “out there” considering the poor suit and outside Kings, but she’s facing a passed hand and is at favorable vulnerability, so we are all in favor of it. West’s 6♦ was a practical bid, and the contract is a reasonable one … it needs Diamonds to be 3-2 (or singleton K or T in either hand), and there is the additional danger of a Spade ruff being engineered if South started with Kx of Diamonds. Anyway, it’s a fine slam, but destined to go off on the bad Diamond break.
North was sticking his neck out with that minimum, vulnerable 1NT overcall, and West duly chopped it off. East leads a Heart, and West must insert the Ten, forcing out the King and maintaining contact with Partner. Declarer actually has a slim chance to make this contract, but, after crossing to the K♠ successfully, the losing Diamond finesse results in a two-trick set.
Support Doubles are growing in popularity, and its protagonists must decide how to play them when an opponent intervenes with a 1NT bid. If the bid is a “Sandwich NT”, meaning that it shows the unbid suits, then it’s standard for the Double to show 3-card support. But if the 1NT is natural, say 15-18, then Support Doublers must choose between: (a) Double shows extra values and a desire to penalize the opponents; (b) Double is still a Support Double, showing 3-card support. Either method is fine, you’ll probably find the vote fairly evenly split, so it’s a key question to ask a new partner if she says “Do you play Support Doubles?”
East has a normal enough preemptive 4♠ bid and the E-W hands fit perfectly together for 12 tricks. When trumps are 2-1 Declarer has 11 tricks on a cross-ruff, and the 12 trick will materialize if the Diamonds or Clubs behave. As it happens, they both do.
West has a number of possible plans after his partner opens 1♠, we discuss them in the Bidding Quiz. This one is especially interesting, please check it out!
Against 4♠, suppose that South leads the Q♥. Declarer wins the Ace, and cashes the A♠, getting the 3-0 news. Now, needing an entry to the board in order to take that Spade finesse, he loses a Diamond, preparing for a ruff. Will South rise to the occasion? Rising to the occasion here means not rising with the Ace. The winning defense, of course, is for South to let Partner win the Diamond, and get a Club through, followed by a Club ruff for down one. South’s winning play is far from obvious … for example, switch the minor suit Kings around and letting Declarer sneak the Diamond through gives away a contract where Declarer was down with 4 tricks off the top. In fact, for the Diamond duck to beat the contract, North must hold the K♦ and a doubleton Club, so we would rate it as a difficult one for South to get right.
If, as E-W, you ended up going down in 4♠, you can consider yourself most unlucky! Trumps had to be 3-0, South had to make a fine (and risky) defensive play, North needed a doubleton Club, and South had to have the AQ of Clubs. For all of that to happen would be a most unfortunate concatenation of circumstances.
Some Easts might look at their modest point count and their good 6-card Spade suit and preempt with 2♠ over the 1♥ opening. We don’t like this preempt one little bit, please see the Bidding Quiz. Notwithstanding that, it’s hard to imagine E-W, with their 11-card Spade fit, not finding their 4♠ sacrifice one way or another. Of course, it will be doubled for -500, but that sure beats defending against 4♥ for -620.
We like East’s 4♥ bid in this auction. Just as happened with South back on Board 17, East is willing to bid on over the opponents’ future 3♠, so he bids it directly to apply maximum pressure. Poor South! She can hardly pass holding 2 Aces and 4-card support, so she tries 4♠, not knowing whether she is bidding to make or bidding as a sacrifice. It turns out to be neither, as both 4-level major suit contracts are down a trick. Nice 4♥ bid, Mr East!
Bergen Note: If E-W are playing Bergen Raises, West has a perfect “constructive” raise available. After Partner’s 1♥ opening, he will bid 3♣, showing a 4-card raise that is too good for a preempt and not good enough for a limit raise. Typically the range is around 7-9 HCP’s, but these point ranges need to be tempered with judgment. One look at the singleton, and the Club side-suit should be all that it takes to elevate this hand above a preempt to constructive status.
Total Tricks Note: Total Trick advocates may have noticed an inconvenient truth about this deal. Both sides have 10 trumps and both sides have 9 tricks. That puts “The Law” out by a substantial two tricks! Why? We confess to not quite understanding why ourselves. Well, at least we are honest. The Law is often out by one trick either way, and that would not merit discussion. But when it’s out by two tricks there’s usually an explanation available: - If there a two fewer tricks (than trumps) it’s typically because either or both sides have duplication of values in their short suits (last week, for example, we had a hand with Ax opposite a stiff King, which resulted in a Total Trick shortfall) - If there are two extra tricks, it’s usually a double fit that explains the surplus. But neither applies to this hand, we confess to being mystified!
West’s 1♠ opening is a tad light in the HCP department, but it does pass the Rule of Twenty, and it has that “six-four, bid more” shape that we like so much. After the light opening it will be but a matter of moments before West is wallowing in an unsavory 3NT contract. After the opening Club lead, Declarer will be up to 7 tricks, but with the Hearts unfavorably placed there is no 8th trick, let alone a 9th trick. Indeed, in his attempts to scramble extra tricks, Declarer might even find himself being held to a miserable 6 tricks! For example: Club lead to Declarer’s Queen Spade to the Ace Diamond to the Queen Low Spade, felling the King Win the Club return with the Ace J♠ losing to the Queen North cashes 3 Clubs, and shifts to a Heart. At this point, Declarer has established 9 tricks, but the defense scores 3 Clubs, 2 Spades, and 2 Hearts first, and it’s an ugly down 3.
We end up with a straightforward auction to a routine Heart game. With Hearts 3-2, there are 9 obvious tricks (4 trumps, a Spade, 3 Clubs, and a ruff in one hand or the other). The 10th trick will come from a double-hook in Spades, or else from Diamonds if South starts out with the A♦. All roads appear to lead to 10 tricks for Declarer.
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